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SHIPPING GLOSSARY

A

Accessorial Charge

Extra fee for services beyond standard shipping

Air-Ride

Suspension system that protects freight from bumps and vibration.

Axle Weight

Weight carried by each axle of a truck or trailer.

B

Back-haul

Return load carried after a delivery.

Bill of Lading

Legal shipping document detailing freight and shipment terms.

Bill To

Person or company responsible for a payment.

Blind Load

Shipment where parties involved are hidden from one another.

Block and Brace

Securing freight to prevent moment during transit.

Book/Match

Assigning a truck to a shipment.

Bounce

Moving a trailer or load between locations.

Brokerage License

Authorization to legally arrange freight transportation.

Bulk Freight

Loose freight shipped without packaging.

C

Cab

Driver compartment of a truck.

Cab Over

Truck design with cabinet position over the engine.

Carrier

Company or person transporting freight.

Claim

Request for compensation due to loss or damage.

Clean Bill of Lading

Delivery receipt showing freight arrived without damage.

Commodity

Product or goods being shipped.

Common Carrier

Carrier available to transport freight for the public.

ComCheck

Payment system commonly used for trucking expenses.

Consignee

Person or company receiving the shipment.

Contact Carrier

Carrier assigned to transport a load.

Cubic Dimensions

Measurement of freight volume.

Customer

Person or company purchasing transportation services.

D

Deadhead

Driving with an empty trailer.

Detention

Fee charged for excessive loading or unloading time.

Demurrage

Charge for keeping containers or railcars too long.

Dispatch

Coordinating drivers, trucks, and loads.

DOT

Department of Transportation regulating commercial transportation.

Drayage

Short-distance transport, often between ports and warehouses.

Driver Assist

When a driver helps load or unload freight.

Dunnage

Materials used to protect or secure freight.

E

En Route

Shipment currently in transit.

Exclusive Use of Truck

One shipment occupies the entire trailer.

F

Fifth Wheel

Coupling device connecting tractor and trailer.

FCFS

First Come, First Serve loading or unloading.

Flatbed

Open trailer used for oversized or irregular freight.

Full-Truckload (FTL)

Shipment using an entire trailer.

G

Gross Weight

Total weight of truck, trailer, and cargo.

H

Headhaul

Primary or outbound freight movement.

High Cube

Extra-tall shipping container or trailer.

Hopper

Trailer designed for transporting bulk materials.

I

Intermodal

Freight moved using multiple transportation methods.

Interstate

Transportation crossing state lines.

Intrastate

Transportation within a single state.

L

Layover

Driver downtime between loads or appointments.

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL)

Shipment sharing container space with others.

Liftgate

Hydraulic platform used to load or unload freight.

Line Haul

Long-distance transportation between cities or terminals.

Live Bounce

Immediate trailer swap without storing the load.

Load Locks

Bars used to secure cargo inside a trailer

Loaded Miles

Miles driven while carrying freight.

Log Book

Driver record of hours and duty status.

Logistics

Planning and managing the movement of goods.

Lumper

Person hired to load or unload freight

Manifest

Document listing all freight in a shipment.

M

Mode

Type of transportation used (truck, rail, air)

N

Net Weight

Weight of cargo without packaging or equipment.

O

Owner Operator

Driver who owns and operates their truck.

P

Pallet

Platform used to stack and move freight.

Pallet Jack

Fork lift used to move pallets short distances.

Perishable Freight

Goods requiring temperature control or quick delivery.

Piggyback

Trailer transported on a railcar.

Placard

Hazard waning sign displayed on vehicles carrying dangerous goods.

Power Unit

Truck tractor used to pull trailers.

Proof of Delivery (POD)

Signed confirmation that freight was delivered.

Protective Service

Special handling to protect sensitive freight.

R

Reefer

Refrigerated trailer for temperature-controlled freight.

S

Scaling

Weighing a truck to confirm legal weight limits.

Scaling in Reverse

Reweighing after adjusting trailer or axle weight.

Seal

Security lock placed on a trailer door

Skid

Wooden platform similar to a pallet.

Sliding Fifth Wheel

Adjustable fifth wheel used to balance weight.

Sliding Tandems

Movable trailer axles used for weight distribution.

Straight Truck

Truck with cab and cargo area built together.

Straps

Tie-downs used to secure cargo.

T

Tailgate

Rear door or lift section of a trailer or truck.

Tarps

Covers used to protect freight from weather.

Tarriff

Published rates, rules, or fees for transportation services.

Terminal/Yard

Facility where trucks and trailers are stored or managed.

TONU

Truck Ordered Not Used fee for canceled loads.

Tractor

Powered truck unit that pulls a trailer.

Trailer

Non-powered unit used to transport freight.

TWIC Card

Security credential for accessing ports and secure facilities.

W

Weight Tickets

Certified documents showing vehicle weight measurements.

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